Historical version 4 of American To British Conversions (view current version)

Crochet

American "single crochet" is British "double crochet"

Knitting needles

Taken from the Tropical Knitter size conversion guide, reproduced here since that site often seems unreachable from here :(

British 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 00 000
Metric 2.00 2.25 2.50 3.00 3.25 3.50 3.75 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50 6.00 6.50 7.00 7.50 8.00 8.50 9.00 10.00 12.00 15.00
USA 00 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10.5 11 13 15 17 19

Yarn weights

Your guess is as good as mine. Here's a chart of average gauge for American terminology yarns, which at least puts them in order of weight: fingering, double knitting, sport weight, worsted weight, chunky, bulky.

http://www.woolworks.org/fibers.html says:

Yarn comes in fine, medium and heavy. Fine is often referred to as 'fingering' or baby yarn. 'Sport' or 'jumper-weight' yarn is thicker than fingering.

Extra-fine yarns are used in lace-knitting. Some of these are spun as thin as a human hair. A shawl made of this wool might weigh only two ounces but contain 6,000 yards of yarn.

"Worsted" is the term used for what most people think of as sweater yarn but worsted is actually the term for a yarn whose fibers were combed before spinning. This sweater name is more properly called 'double-knitting' in England and 'Germantown' in America.

Heavy yarns are thick ones meant for large needles. Bulky and chunky are synonyms.

This is version 4 (as of 2003-12-13 00:20:13). View current version. List all versions.